leaderless BFT dual ledger architecture

a decentralized ledger system that features a leaderless, fully-local and scalable consensus algorithm based on virtual voting coupled with proof of work and proof of stake anti-sybil [6] mechanisms that reaches eventual consensus with probability one. The concept of virtual voting was known long before in the literature, starting with the pioneering paper ”ByzantineResistant Total Ordering Algorithms” [5] by Moser and Melliar-Smith where they formulated four algorithms to establish a total ordering from network events. The peculiar concept of virtual voting that later reappeared in other papers such as Hashgraph [8], PARSEC [9] or Blockmania [51], was the ability to execute a virtual agreement protocol, as authors Moser and Melliar-Smith cleverly observed long before and exploited the fact that votes weren’t explicitly contained in the messages, but were deducted from the causal relationships between them.

Used in

Zenon network https://zenon.network/download/whitepaper.pdf